-
1 Thomas, Sidney Gilchrist
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 16 April 1850 London, Englandd. 1 February 1885 Paris, France[br]English inventor of basic steelmaking.[br]Thomas was educated at Dulwich College and from the age of 17, for the next twelve years, he made his living as a police-court clerk, although he studied chemistry in his spare time as an evening student at Birkbeck College, London. While there, he heard of the difficulties encountered by the Bessemer steelmaking process, which at that time was limited to using phosphorus-free iron. Any of this element present in the iron was oxidized to phosphoric acid, which would not react with the acidic lining in the converter, with the result that it would remain in the iron and render it too brittle to use. Unfortunately, phosphoric iron ores are more common than those free of this harmful element. Thomas was attracted by the view that a fortune awaited anyone who could solve this problem, and was not discouraged by the failure of several august figures in the industry, including Siemens and Lowthian Bell.Thomas's knowledge of chemistry taught him that whereas an acidic lining allowed the phosphorus to remain in the iron, a basic lining would react with it to form part of the slag, which could then be tapped off. His experiments to find a suitable material were conducted in difficult conditions, in his spare time with meagre apparatus. Finally he found that a converter lined with dolomite, a form of limestone, would succeed, and he appealed to his cousin Percy Carlyle Gilchrist, Chemist at the Blaenavon Ironworks in Monmouthshire, for help in carrying out pilot-scale trials. In 1879 he gave up his police-court job to devote himself to the work, and in the same year they patented the Thomas- Gilchrist process. The first licence to use it was granted to Bolckow, Vaughan \& Co. of Middlesborough, and there the first steel was made in a basic Bessemer converter on 4 April 1879. The process was rapidly taken up and spread widely in Europe and beyond and was applied to other furnaces. Thomas made a fortune, but his health did not long allow him to enjoy it, for he died at the early age of 34.[br]BibliographyL.G.Thompson, 1940, Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, an Invention and Its Consequences, London: Faber.T.G.Davies, 1978, Blaenavon and Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, Sheffield: Historical Metallurgy Society.LRDBiographical history of technology > Thomas, Sidney Gilchrist
-
2 барбус, широкополосый
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > барбус, широкополосый
-
3 ворчун, полосатый
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > ворчун, полосатый
-
4 гимнура, натальская
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > гимнура, натальская
-
5 губан, натальский
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > губан, натальский
-
6 дагерад, мозамбикский
—2. RUS мозамбикский карась m, мозамбикский дагерад m3. ENG slinger (sea bream)4. DEU —5. FRA spare m élégantDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > дагерад, мозамбикский
-
7 карась, голубой
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > карась, голубой
-
8 карась, мозамбикский
—2. RUS мозамбикский карась m, мозамбикский дагерад m3. ENG slinger (sea bream)4. DEU —5. FRA spare m élégantDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > карась, мозамбикский
-
9 неоскорпис, литофильный
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > неоскорпис, литофильный
-
10 павоклинус, стекловидный
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > павоклинус, стекловидный
-
11 пентапод, синеполосый большеглазый
—2. RUS синеполосый большеглазый пентапод m3. ENG blue-lined [rippled] large-eyed bream4. DEU —5. FRA empereur m tatuéDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > пентапод, синеполосый большеглазый
-
12 порги, английский
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > порги, английский
-
13 поркостома
-
14 рыба-лопата, круглая
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > рыба-лопата, круглая
-
15 спарус, дурбанский
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > спарус, дурбанский
-
16 трисса, оранжевая
—2. RUS оранжевая трисса f3. ENG orange-mouthed thryssa, orange-mouthed glassnose4. DEU —5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > трисса, оранжевая
-
17 усач, кимберлийский
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > усач, кимберлийский
-
18 11505
-
19 1302
-
20 3405
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Fred C. Gilchrist — (1939) Fred Cramer Gilchrist (* 2. Juni 1868 in California, Washington County, Pennsylvania; † 10. März 1950 in Laurens, Iowa) war ein US amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1931 und 1945 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Iowa i … Deutsch Wikipedia
William Thompson (Iowa) — William Thompson William Thompson (* 10. November 1813 im Fayette County, Pennsylvania; † 6. Oktober 1897 in Tacoma, Washington) war ein US amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 184 … Deutsch Wikipedia
William George Thompson — (* 17. Januar 1830 in Butler, Pennsylvania; † 2. April 1911 in Kenwood Park, Iowa) war ein US amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1879 und 1883 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Iowa im US Repräsentantenhaus. Werdegang William Thompson war der… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Anchichoerops — natalensis Anchichoerops natalensis … Wikipédia en Français
Anchichoerops natalensis — Anchichoerops natalensis … Wikipédia en Français
Pomacanthus rhomboides — Pomacanthus rhomboides … Wikipédia en Français
Anchichoerops natalensis — Anch … Wikipédia en Français
Pomacanthus rhomboides — Pomacanthus rhomboides … Wikipédia en Français
Liste der Erfinder — Dies ist eine Liste von Erfindern, die die Welt mit ihren Erfindungen bereichert haben. Ein Erfinder ist jemand, der ein Problem erkannt hat, es gelöst und mindestens einmal damit Erfolg gehabt hat. Er muss nicht der erste gewesen sein; eine… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Porcostoma dentata — Spare dentue Porcostoma dentata … Wikipédia en Français
Liste von Erfindern — Dies ist eine Liste von Erfindern, die die Welt mit ihren Erfindungen bereichert haben. Ein Erfinder ist jemand, der ein Problem erkannt hat, es gelöst und mindestens einmal damit Erfolg gehabt hat. Er muss nicht der erste gewesen sein; eine… … Deutsch Wikipedia